Kraetchmer N. Preference of Patience undergoing Angiograms for participation in treatment decisions: Coping style and the Problem Solving-decision-making scale [Master`s Thesis], Toronto: University of Toronto, 1994; 80: 57-59.
Kraushar MF, Turner MF (1987). Medical malpractice litigation in cataract surgery. Arch Ophthalmol. ۱۰۵: ۱۳۳۹-۱۳۴۳٫
Kraushar MF, Robb JH. Ophthalmic malpractice lawsuits with large monetary awards. Arch Ophthalmol. ۱۹۹۶; ۱۱۴:۳۳۳-۳۳۷٫

1. 1. Lanckton AV. The contours of informed consent. Surv Ophthalmo, ۱۹۹۶; ۴۰: ۳۹۱-۳۹۴٫

1. 1. Largent, Emily A., David Wendler, Ezekiel Emanuel, and Franklin G. Miller. 2010. Is emergency research without initial consent justified? The consent substitute model. Archives of Internal Medicine ۱۷۰ (۸):۶۶۸–۶۷۴٫

1. 1. Levine, Robert J. 1988. Ethics and Regulation of Clinical Research, 2nd ed. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

1. 1. Linebarger EJ, Hardten DR, Shah GK, Lindstrom RL. Phacoemulsification and modern cataract surgery. Surv Ophthalmol. ۱۹۹۹;۴۴:۱۲۳-۱۴۷٫

1. 1. Locke, John. 1988. Second Treatise on Civil Government. In Locke: Two Treatises of Government, edited by P. Laslett. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

1. 1. Maclean, Alasdair, Autonomy, Informed Consent and Medical Law, Cambridge University Press, 2009.

1. 1. Lorna Hicks, Duke University, Informed Consent, April 20, 2008.

Maclean, Alasdair, Briefcase on Medical Law, Cavendish Publishing, 2001.
Maclean, Alasdair, The doctrine of informed consent: does it exist and has it crossed the Atlantic? Legal Studies, volume 24 , issue 3, 2004.

1. 1. Manning, Joanna, Informed Consent to Medical Treatment: The Common Law New Zealand’s Code Of Patients’ Rights, Medical Law Review, 12, Summer 2004

1. 1. Manson, Neil C., and Onora O’Neill. 2007. Rethinking Informed Consent in Bioethics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

1. 1. Meyers, Christopher, Bakersfield, USA, Journal of medical ethics, 1992, 18, 135-137

1. 1. Mill, John Stuart. 1990, On Liberty. In Utilitarianism/On Liberty/Essay on Bentham, edited by M. Warnock, Glasgow: Fontana Press.

1. 1. Miller, Franklin G. 2010. Consent to clinical research. In The Ethics of Consent, edited by F. G. Miller and A. Wertheimer, New York: Oxford University Press.

1. 1. Miller, Franklin G., David Wendler, and Leora C. Swartzman. 2005. Deception in Research on the Placebo Effect. PLoS Medicine ۲ (۹):e262.

1. 1. Miller, Franklin G & Alan Wertheimer. 2010. Preface to a theory of consent transactions: beyond valid consent, In The Ethics of Consent, edited by F. G. Miller and A. Wertheimer, New York: Oxford University Press.

1. 1. MISAK, CHERYL, ICU Psychosis and Patient Autonomy, Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, University of Toronto, 2005; 30: 411–۴۳۰٫

1. 1. Misak, C. (2004a). Truth and the end of inquiry: A pragmatist account of truth, 2nd

1. 1. expanded edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

1. 1. Misak, C. (2004b). The critical care experience: A patient’s view. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 170(4), 357–۳۵۹٫

1. 1. National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research. 1979. “The Belmont Report”, ۱۹۷۹٫ Federal Register, 44(76):23192–۲۳۱۹۷٫

1. 1. Nozick, Robert. 1986. Anarchy, State and Utopia. Oxford: Oxford UP.

1. 1. Nuffield Council on Bioethics. 2007. Public health: Ethical issues. Cambridge.

1. 1. O’Neill, Onora. 2002. Autonomy and Trust in Bioethics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2003. Autonomy: The Emperor’s New Clothes. Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume ۷۷ (۱):۱–۲۱٫

1. 1. O’Neill O. Informed consent and genetic information. Studies in History andPhilosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 2001;32:689–۷۰۴٫

1. 1. Pateman, Carole. 1990. The Disorder of Women: Democracy, Feminism, and Political Theory Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

1. 1. Pellegrino, E. D., and D. C. Thomasma. 1993. The Virtues in Medicine. New York: Oxford University Press.

1. 1. Plato. 1973. Republic. New York: Anchor Books.

1. 1. Plato 2006. Laws, Translated by B. Jowett, Mineola, NY: Dover.

1. 1. President’s Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research. 1982. Making Health Care Decisions: A Report on the Ethical and Legal Implications of Informed Consent in the Patient-Practitioner Relationship. Washington, D.C.: The Commission.

1. 1. Princeton Insurance (2005), HealthCare Risk Management Department, A Publication on HealthCare Risk Management from Princeton Insurance; 609, 452-9404.

1. 1. Qual Safe Health Care 2004;13:422–۴۲۷٫ ۲۱

1. 1. Radin, Margaret Jane. 1983. Property and Personhood. Stanford Law Review ۳۴ (۹۵۷):۹۷۱–۹۹۰٫

1. 1. Radner W. Die Ärztliche Aufklärungspflicht in der Rechtsprechung und Praxis. Linz, Austria: Universitätsverlag Rudolf Trauner; 2000.

1. 1. Robinson G, Merav A. Informed consent: recall by patients tested postoperatively. Ann Thorac Surg. ۱۹۷۶; ۲۲:۲۰۹-۲۱۲٫ ABSTRACT .

1. 1. Royal College of Nursing (2005), research ethics: RCN guidance for nurses, London, publication code: 002013, P: 43-50.

1. 1. Savulescu, J. 1994. Rational desires and the limitation of life-sustaining treatment, Bioethics ۸ (۳):۱۹۱–۲۲۲٫

1. 1. Scanlon, Thomas M. 1988. The Significance of Choice, In The Tanner Lectures on Human Values, edited by S. M. McMurrin, Salt Lake City: Utah University Press.

1. 1. Schneider, Carl E. 1998. The Practice of Autonomy, New York: Oxford University Press.

1. 1. Schouten B, Hoogstraaten J, Eikman M. Dutch dental patients on informed consent: knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy and behaviour. Patient Educ Couns 2002; 42: 47-54.

1. 1. Schwartz LM, Woloshin S, Birkmeyer JD. How do elderly patients decide where to go for major surgery? Telephone interview survey. BMJ. 2005; 331: 821. [PubMed]

1. 1. Shahian DM, Yip W, Westcott G, et al. Selection of a cardiac surgery provider in the managed care era. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2000; 120:978–۹۸۷٫ [PubMed]

1. Shahian DM, Normand SL, Torchiana DF, et al. Cardiac surgery report cards: comprehensive review and statistical critique. Ann Thorac Surg. 2001; 72:2155–۲۱۶۸٫ [PubMed]